Scale of raw utilities

Dear Sawtooth community,

I am wondering how Lighthouse comes up with the scale of raw utilities:

1) In particular, I am interested how you set/define the "zero-line" in effects-coding?
2) Why isn't the NONE-threshold (of an included dual-response none-option) the "zero-line"? Can I make the NONE value (which in my case is negative) the "zero-value" by simply adding its value to every level of each attribute?
3) How could one "normalize" part-worths of different estimations so that they use the same scale, i.e., that one could directly compare results among different estimation strategies or sub-samples (e.g., performing a ttest)?

Thank you in advance for your support!

Best regards

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